美國聯邦總務署的「授粉者倡議」(Pollinator Initiative)旨在評估並促進蜜蜂和其他授粉昆蟲的健康。由於許多農作物必須仰賴蜜蜂來授粉,對於人類和動物的生活至關重要,但卻面臨疾病、農藥和棲息地喪失等威脅。該計畫以政府機關大樓的屋頂為養蜂基地,透過數據分析來了解周遭植物和地景對蜜蜂的影響,進而栽種對蜜蜂有益的樹木和花卉。這就是政府為了保護環境永續和減少溫室氣體排放的相關政策計畫的一環,執行至今已初具成果,除了能將剩餘的蜂蜜捐給當地的食物銀行,亦串連全國約上千個遍布於居家庭園、公司商號及其他機構的蜂巢,共同為蜜蜂的健康和保育工作而努力。
CONCORD, N.H. —
While judges, lawyers and support staff at the federal courthouse in Concord, New Hampshire, keep the American justice system buzzing, thousands of humble honeybees on the building's roof are playing their part in a more important task — feeding the world.
The Warren B. Rudman courthouse is one of several federal facilities around the country participating in the General Services Administration's Pollinator Initiative, a government program aimed at assessing and promoting the health of bees and other pollinators, which are critical to life on Earth.
"Anybody who eats food, needs bees," said Noah Wilson-Rich, co-founder, CEO and chief scientific officer of the Boston-based Best Bees company, which contracts with the government to take care of the honeybee hives at the New Hampshire courthouse and at some other federal buildings.
Bees help pollinate the fruits and vegetables that
sustain humans, he said. They pollinate hay and alfalfa, which feed cattle that provide the meat we eat. And they promote the health of plants that, through photosynthesis, give us clean air to breathe.
Yet the busy insects that contribute an estimated $25 billion to the U.S. economy annually are under threat from diseases, agricultural chemicals and habitat loss that kill about half of all honeybee hives annually. Without human intervention, including beekeepers creating new hives, the world could experience a bee extinction that would lead to global hunger and economic collapse, Wilson-Rich said.
The pollinator program is part of the federal government's commitment to promoting sustainability, which includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting climate
resilient infrastructure, said David Johnson, the General Services Administration's sustainability program manager for New England.
The GSA's program started last year with hives at 11 sites.
Some of those sites are no longer in the program. Hives placed at the National Archives building in Waltham, Massachusetts, last year did not survive the winter.
Since then, other sites were added. Two hives, each home to thousands of bees, were placed on the roof of the Rudman building in March.
The program is collecting data to find out whether the honeybees, which can fly 3 to 5 miles from the roof in their quest for pollen, can help the health of not just the plants on the roof, but also of the flora in the entire area, Johnson said.
"Honeybees are actually very
opportunistic," he said. "They will feed on a lot of different types of plants."
The program can help identify the plants and landscapes beneficial to pollinators and help the government make more informed decisions about what trees and flowers to plant on building grounds.
Best Bees tests the plant DNA in the honey to get an idea of the plant diversity and health in the area, Wilson-Rich said, and they have found that bees that
forage on a more diverse diet seem to have better survival and productivity outcomes.
Other federal facilities with hives include the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services headquarters in Baltimore; the federal courthouse in Hammond, Indiana; the Federal Archives Records Center in Chicago; and the Denver Federal Center.
The federal government isn't alone in its efforts to save the bees. The hives placed at federal sites are part of a wider network of about 1,000 hives at home gardens, businesses and institutions nationwide that combined can help determine what's helping the bees, what's hurting them and why.
The GSA's Pollinator Initiative is also looking to identify ways to keep the bee population healthy and
vibrant and model those lessons at other properties — both government and private sector — said Amber Levofsky, the senior program advisor for the GSA's Center for Urban Development.
"The goal of this initiative was really aimed at gathering location-based data at facilities to help update directives and policies to help facilities managers to really target pollinator protection and habitat management regionally," she said.
And there is one other benefit to the government honeybee program that's already come to fruition: the excess honey that's produced is donated to area food banks.
answer to each of the questions below. After you finish,
(A) They provide honey for food banks.
(B) They contribute to the U.S. economy.
(C) They assist in the legal system.
(A) By promoting the planting of specific trees and flowers on building grounds
(B) By reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting climate resilient infrastructure
(C) By studying the health and diversity of plants in the areas surrounding the hives